Zinyalala za Amphaka za Montmorillonite Zapamwamba Zolimba Zoyamwa Mwachangu Fumbi Lochepa Zosatha Kuchotsa fungo Losavuta Kusunga Kotetezeka kwa Amphaka Onse

1. Zinthu zachilengedwe zopangira mchere, mchere wachilengedwe wopanda zitsulo wotetezeka komanso wosakhala ndi poizoni, wosagwira ntchito mwamphamvu, wosakwiyitsa, wosatsalira, komanso wosayamwa ndi thupi, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ziweto, makanda, ndi ana aang'ono.

2. Mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri yoyamwa fungo, kapangidwe kake kamene kamayamwa fungo, kamabweretsa malo akuluakulu apadera, omwe amatha kuyamwa fungo, chinyezi, mabakiteriya, ndi mankhwala, ndikutseka fungo likangokhudzidwa.

3. Zimasonkhana mwachangu zikakumana ndi madzi, sizimavuta kuzimwaza. Madzi akamayamwa, zimakula mwachangu ndikulimba, ndipo chipolopolocho chimakhala chopapatiza ndipo sichimamatira pansi. N'zosavuta kuyeretsa ndipo sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

4. Fumbi lochepa, silimapweteka mphuno ndi njira yopumira, kapangidwe kake kabwino, silimakhuthala kwambiri, silimafumbi kwenikweni, ndi losavuta kwa ziweto/zinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto la kusowa tulo.

5. Kukhazikika kwamphamvu, sikuwonongeka mosavuta, sikunyowa, sikutentha kwambiri, sikungaume mosavuta, kumasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kumakhala kokhazikika.

1, Katundu wosinthana wa Cation

Kusinthana kwa cation ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za montmorillonite. Ma cations omwe amamatiridwa pakati pa zigawo za montmorillonite amatha kusinthana, ndipo kuchuluka konse kwa ma cations amenewa kumatchedwa cation exchange capacity (CEC). Mu aqueous media, ma cations ena osinthika ndi mamolekyu amadzi amatha kulowa mu interlayer, ndipo njirayi imatha kusinthidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito cation exchange properties za montmorillonite, zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga sodium based bentonite, lithium based montmorillonite, activated clay, pillared montmorillonite, ndi organic montmorillonite zitha kukonzedwa.

2, Mayamwidwe ndi kutupa kwa madzi

Montmorillonite ili ndi magulu ambiri a hydroxyl m'mapangidwe ake, okhala ndi mphamvu yosinthasintha madzi komanso mawonekedwe ofunikira a kuyamwa madzi ndi kutupa. Kukula kumadalira makamaka kuuma kwa ma cation a interlayer, omwe amakoka mamolekyu amadzi kuti apange filimu ya hydration, ndikuwonjezera mtunda wa interlayer ndikupangitsa kukula. Pambuyo poyamwa madzi, voliyumu imatha kukulirakulira kangapo mpaka kangapo kuti ipange zinthu zofanana ndi gel. Kukula kwa hydration kwa montmorillonite kumaphatikizapo magawo atatu:

① Madzi ochulukirapo pamwamba

② Kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi (Ionic hydration)

③ Kuthira madzi m'thupi

3, Kuyimitsidwa kobalalika

Mu madzi, chifukwa cha mphamvu yoipa ya tinthu ta montmorillonite, timathamangitsana ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu zochepa. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi mphamvu zabwino zoyimitsira ndipo tingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zoyimitsira. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu zoyimitsira zimawonjezeka ndi pH, ndipo zimakhala bwino mu mkhalidwe wa alkaline kuposa mu mkhalidwe wopanda ndale komanso wa asidi.

4, Katundu wokhuthala

Akasakanikirana ndi madzi, montmorillonite imanyowa ndikukula, ndikupanga kapangidwe ka network kamene kali ndi magawo atatu. Mamolekyu amadzi ndi tinthu ta lotion timakulungidwa ndikulekanitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere kukana kwawo kuyenda, kuti tipeze mphamvu yokhuthala. Pakapita nthawi, kapangidwe ka colloidal aka kamakhala kokhazikika.

5. Thixotropy

Pakusakaniza, kapangidwe ka colloidal kamasokonekera, kukhuthala kwa dongosolo kumachepa, ndipo kumakhala ngati sol; Ikaima chilili, kapangidwe ka colloidal kamachira, ndipo kukhuthala kwa dongosolo kumawonjezeka mu mawonekedwe a gel. Njira yobwezeretsa kapangidwe ka colloidal imasinthika ndipo imadziwika kuti thixotropy ya montmorillonite.

6, Kukhazikika

Montmorillonite ndi mchere wachilengedwe wosasinthika womwe uli ndi kukhazikika bwino komanso kukana nyengo.

① Kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mankhwala

Montmorillonite siisungunuka m'madzi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosungunulira, ndipo siichepetsedwa kapena kusungunuka kutentha kwa chipinda. Ili ndi pH yosiyana siyana ndipo kapangidwe kake sikakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi ma acid, ma bases, mchere, ndi zina zotero. Imagwirizana bwino ndi ma anion achilengedwe, zinthu zosungunulira mowa, ndi zina zotero.

② Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwabwino

Kutentha kwa dehydroxylation ndi muyeso wowunikira kukana kutentha kwa montmorillonite, kuwonetsa kukhazikika kwake kwa kutentha. Kutentha kwa dehydroxylation kwa montmorillonite nthawi zambiri kumakhala 550 ℃ -750 ℃, pomwe magulu a hydroxyl amachotsedwa koma kapangidwe ka zigawo sikuwonongeka, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhazikika kwa kutentha.

③ Kukhazikika kwabwino kwa zamoyo

Montmorillonite sikhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi zina zotero. Kuyimitsidwa kwake sikumauma mosavuta kapena kuwonongeka m'malo ozizira komanso otentha, makamaka m'malo ozizira kapena kutentha kwambiri kwa 30-40 ℃ nthawi yachilimwe. Sichimachepetsedwa ndi enzyme hydrolysis, fungo, kapena kukhuthala monga zinthu zokhuthala zachilengedwe monga cellulose ndi xanthan gum, ndipo chili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri komanso zotsutsana ndi kuwonongeka.

Chitetezo cha Mankhwala: Popeza ndi mankhwala oletsa kutsegula m'mimba omwe amaperekedwa ndi dokotala, nthawi zambiri salowa m'thupi la munthu ndipo ndi otetezeka. Komabe, tiyenera kudziwa kuti:

① Iyenera kumwedwa maola 1-2 mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena kuti isakhudze kuyamwa kwawo.

② Kumwa mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kudzimbidwa.

③ Pochiza matenda otsegula m'mimba mwachangu, ndikofunikira kulabadira njira yosinthira madzi kuti mupewe kutaya madzi m'thupi.

Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu wa mafakitale ndi mtundu wa mankhwala: Montmorillonite yokhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ili ndi miyezo yosiyana yoyera ndi yoletsa kuipitsidwa, ndipo siingasakanizidwe. Mwachitsanzo, bentonite ya mafakitale sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati.